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ETFs · Financial Education · Beginners

What is an ETF?
Everything explained in plain language

"At the very beginning, I was investing in a single company's stock. After the pandemic and the sharp market fluctuations, I realized how risky that was. That's when I discovered ETFs."

Like many beginners, I mainly thought about the potential for gains when buying individual stocks. But when the market dropped, I understood that putting all your money in a single company is a huge risk.

ETFs changed the way I invest. Here's everything I wish I had known at the beginning.

What is it, in plain words?

Imagine a large basket that holds several stocks at once. Instead of buying one stock at a time, you buy a share of that basket.

The goal, in most cases, isn't to "beat the market" but rather to track a market or an index — for example the S&P 500, the NASDAQ, the TSX 60, or a specific sector.

Example — QQC.F (NASDAQ-100)

Apple
AAPL
Nvidia
NVDA
Microsoft
MSFT
Amazon
AMZN
Google
GOOGL
Meta
META
Tesla
TSLA
+ 93 others
...
1 single purchase
QQC.F — 0.20% fees per year

How it works

An ETF pools money from multiple investors to purchase a set of securities. Its price moves on the stock exchange throughout the day, just like a regular stock.

If the tracked index goes up, the ETF goes up too. If the index falls, the ETF falls. There may be small differences due to fees and the way the fund replicates the index.

"An ETF isn't without risk. If the market drops, the ETF drops too. But over 20 years, history has shown that markets rise more than they fall."

How to choose an ETF well

01
The tracked index
This is the actual "content" of the ETF. S&P 500, NASDAQ, TSX 60 — each tracks a different market. Check what the ETF actually contains.
02
Fees (TER)
Even a small fee difference can cost thousands of dollars over 20 years. Look for a TER under 0.5% if possible.
03
Liquidity
A highly liquid ETF is easy to buy and sell without affecting the price. The more popular it is, the better.
04
Currency
A USD ETF exposes you to currency risk. QQC.F is CAD-hedged — it protects against USD/CAD fluctuations.
05
Dividends
Some ETFs pay dividends in cash, others reinvest them automatically. Choose based on your strategy.
06
Your goal
Long-term growth? Passive income? Simple portfolio? The right ETF depends most on WHAT YOU WANT to achieve.

My personal strategy

After much reflection and calculation, I realized I preferred to invest mainly in growth-oriented ETFs.

Mentally, I think of this money as money I won't touch for a very long time. I know there will be highs and lows — but my goal is to let time work for me.

My current allocation

Growth ETFs (QQC.F)
80%
Dividend ETFs
20%

This approach gives me a balance between long-term growth and regular income.

I also always keep a separate emergency fund in a high-interest savings account — like Wealthsimple Cash — so I'm never forced to withdraw from my investments during unexpected events.

5 questions to ask before buying

Checklist before buying an ETF

What exactly does the ETF track?
S&P 500? NASDAQ? Canadian dividends? Check the content.
How much does it cost per year?
Look for the TER or management expense ratio. Ideally under 0.5%.
Can I buy and sell it easily?
High trading volume = good liquidity.
Does it replicate its index well?
Compare ETF performance vs the index over 3-5 years.
Does it match my goal?
20-year horizon? Growth. Near retirement? Dividends + stability.

I am not a financial advisor. This article shares my personal experience — not official financial advice. Consult a professional for your situation.

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